Paper: Quantum Effects in Biology: Coherence, Magnetoreception and Enzymatic Catalysis

Contemporary quantum biology experimentally documents that macroscopic and temperate biological systems use non-trivial quantum mechanical phenomena—such as long-range quantum coherence, particle entanglement, and tunneling—to execute fundamental physiological processes. Ultrafast spectroscopic measurements confirm that light-harvesting complexes in photosynthesis and geomagnetically oriented cryptochrome receptors in migratory birds operate in coherent quantum superposition regimes at room temperature. These findings refute the long-standing mechanistic assumption that the cellular environment is too chaotic a thermal medium to sustain ordered quantum states, revealing that biology is finely calibrated at the molecular level to exploit quantum indeterminism and non-locality.